Keep powertrain definitions clear.
| Type | Energy arrangement | Question to resolve |
|---|---|---|
| BEV | Externally charged battery; electric drive. | Can dependable charging fit the actual use? |
| PHEV | Plug-in battery and a combustion engine. | How much driving will happen on each energy source? |
| HEV | Combustion engine and electric assistance; no external plug-in charging. | Is the comparison being described accurately? |
Sources: AU01. Accessed 8 November 2026.
Compare the same ownership period.
The Ownership Cost tool compares a supplied battery EV with a supplied combustion vehicle under cash purchase. Include energy, service, insurance, other recurring costs, charging setup and residuals. It does not include finance, tax, incentives or discounted cash flow. It is not suitable for a PHEV comparison without a separate two-fuel model.
Check support and resale evidence.
Ask who supports the vehicle locally, what the warranty actually covers and which service records a future owner would need. Use conservative and alternative residual assumptions. A manufacturer warranty is not a prediction of future resale value.